Concepts and principles of business to business marketing

Ideas and standards of business to business promoting The reason for this paper is to examine business-to-business advertising requires an uncommon, remarkable arrangement of promoting ideas and standards versus business-to-business showcasing is truly not so extraordinary and the essential advertising ideas and standards apply. The fundamental ideas and standards for business-to-purchaser have been examined and the specialist concurred that the essential advertising and standards do have any significant bearing. Be that as it may, the application and execution of the showcasing procedure may should be sensitive to the idea of business-to-business movement. Business-to-business (B2B) can be clarified as business that sells items or offers types of assistance to different organizations. These associations thus, may exchange the items and administrations to definite shoppers; or they may utilize the items or administrations as a contribution for assembling of conclusive buyer merchandise; or use it offer types of assistance to definite customers; or government that utilization these items and administrations to serve the general public. While B2B movement may exist in both conventional structure and on the web, the abbreviation B2B is regularly allude to the online assortment (Jobber, 2007, p. 19). Though Business-to-Consumer (B2C) is characterized as business that sells items or offer types of assistance to conclusive shoppers. These customers can be either people or nuclear families and these items or administrations is bought for own utilization purposes. In spite of the fact that B2C movement may exist in both conventional structure and on the web, the abbreviation B2C is for the most part allude to the online assortment (McDaniel, et al., 2006, p. 196). Current advertising idea can be characterized as recognizing and meeting focused on purchaser needs and needs superior to the contender, to serve the association and its partners. Subsequently, the capacity of advertising the executives will incorporate figuring and actualizing a reasonable showcasing methodology to accomplish association objectives; through fulfilled clients (Kotler Keller, 2009, p. 45). To comprehend the advertising capacity, advertiser needs to comprehend the center showcasing ideas: the creation ideas, the item ideas, the selling ideas, the promoting ideas, all encompassing ideas and cultural promoting ideas. 1 So as to fulfill the focused on shoppers, the advertiser needs to comprehend the market condition and the customer. In light of this understanding, an organization will work out a Marketing blend and create appropriate showcasing exercises and convey the incentive to the customer. The conventional showcasing blend comprises of four components: item, value, advancement and spot (4-Ps). Nonetheless, showcasing in todays business world has developed. It is significant for todays advertiser to incorporate three extra Ps: individuals, process and physical proof (Jobber, 2007, p. 19). One of the pivotal exercise while creating showcasing system, advertiser should assess the companys general quality, shortcoming, opportunity and dangers. This valuable procedure is otherwise called the SWOT investigation. It is perceived that from the essential advertising ideas and the showcasing blend which have been referenced before, there is a critical component which an advertiser must recollect buyers. Customers might be separated into two classifications: last/extreme buyers and authoritative shoppers. Be that as it may, they are both the wellspring of income for the association. They are the focused on individuals which the advertiser would need to fulfill, so as to make the deals. Accordingly, the essential promoting ideas and standards might be applied to the two kinds of purchasers. Just adjustment of the focused on customer type is required. The 4-Ps is a helpful promoting device in deciding the advertisers exchange channels and their last purchasers. The Product component in the 4-Ps is the place the organization needs to pick what sort of item or administration to give to a gathering of client, so as to fulfill their needs. This is particularly critical in new item advancement. An item might be as physical products, for example, cell phones, isotonic beverage, LED TV and so forth. Administration is impalpable advantages that an organization or individual can offer to the clients, for example, money related advisor, clinical consideration, and so on (Kotler, et al., 2003, p. 17). 2 Cost is one of the most significant segments in the 4-Ps. This is because of the way that it implies the advantages that the organization will get from the offer of items and administrations. When contrasted with different components of the 4-Ps, which speak to costs. It is pivotal for organization to decide the most appropriate valuing of its item. This is on the grounds that item cost may impact the buying choice of the purchaser. A few organizations may decide on lower value procedure by offering a lower value variant of a similar item offered by contender (McDaniel, et al., 2006, p. 196). Advancement is the methods for an advertiser to speak with the focused on client, to empower the familiarity with the item presence and accessibility. Advertiser will be required to choose the channel of special exercises appropriate for the item or administration its contribution. Some bigger organizations may pick TV notice as the special action, since it can cover wide crowds in a quick manner. A few organizations with a lesser assets may pick web as their special instruments, where the expense is lower and it isn't constrained by land limit (Elliot, et al., 2008, p. 34). Spot includes guaranteeing the items and administrations is accessible to the focused on clients. Advertiser needs to choose the appropriation channels and the administration of the item area, transportation and so on. A decent appropriation technique can make upper hand for the organization. This is clear for the situation for Dell PCs (Kotler, et al., 2003, p. 17). Individuals assume a significant job in todays business. The nature of administration by the companys worker especially impact clients impact on the companys item. This is especially fundamental to the administration business. Potential client may leave a buy in the event that they feel that they get abuse from the business staff. Study has demonstrated that an organization can produce more deals by improving client care (Mathe and Shapiro, 1993). Physical proof speaks to the atmosphere where the administration is being completed. The physical condition, embellishment and shading which are obvious to the focused on clients can influence the clients choice (Kotler Keller, 2009). 3 Procedure is the progression of action or the mechanism of exchange where clients get administrations. Procedure choices totally impact how the organization conveys the support of the client. It is comprehended that so as to build up a reasonable promoting blend, an organization must comprehend its focused on client. What's more, this client can be separated during the procedure of market division and target promoting. An organization ought to have the option to separate its client base; regardless of whether they are last customer (B2C) or hierarchical shopper (B2B). In the wake of distinguishing this, a similar seven Ps might be applied to focused buyers. Coviello and Brodie (2001) found that current business process for both B2C and B2B organizations is worried about dealing with the showcasing blend to pull in clients. This is otherwise called exchange promoting. Either last buyer or hierarchical shopper, the advertiser ought to consider all the seven components in promoting blend to determine on the most reasonable showcasing system. Some may contend that essential advertising ideas are appropriate for a B2C situation. In any case, study has demonstrated that even universal organization like Levi Strauss (a fame garments brand, spend significant time in pants) needs to make certain adaption in building up its showcasing blend. By seeing each countrys neighborhood social, physical condition, legitimate issues, and so on; Levi Strauss can apply the correct advertising blend to the correct shopper gathering (Vrontis Vronti, 2004). 4 Further the seven Ps, the SWOT examination of the organization is additionally essential to the advertiser. The examination inspects the companys inner condition (qualities and shortcomings) and outside condition (openings and dangers). By knowing the companys assets and abilities, it is conceivable to transform shortcomings into qualities. Knowing the market condition and patterns, it is conceivable to change over dangers into circumstances. SWOT investigation isn't constrained to specific sort of business or shopper. It is about the investigation of the companys interior and outside condition. Subsequently, this equivalent essential idea is appropriate to both B2B and B2C organizations (Elliot, et al., 2008, p. 34). Todays business condition is dynamic; an advertiser ought to understand that the more established showcasing ideas is inadequate for a fruitful promoting system. So as to have a progressively complete methodology, advertisers have received the Holistic promoting idea. The idea acknowledges everything matters in promoting, broad standpoint of the business condition is fundamental for effective advertising effort. It is worry with relationship promoting, coordinated showcasing, inner advertising and execution promoting (Baines, et al., 2008, p. 12). 5 The all encompassing advertising idea is another clear that shows it doesn't confine to B2C condition, and the fundamental idea can be applied to B2B condition. Nonetheless, some adaption might be required during the application and execution process. Study has demonstrated that promoting involves the entire business; therefore, it incorporates top administration, organization, creation, fund and other practical offices. Advertising focused administration means todays business condition. An organization who perceives this wonders would have the option to quick its association to a progressively serious edge; performing superior to its rival (Polese, 2004). It has been built up before that fundamental promoting ideas and standards apply to both B2B and B2C business condition, on

Free Essays on Corporate Power

It is broadly contended that the American company holds undue and exorbitant control over government dynamic. Scholars supporting this thought have squeezed various distributions, from magazines to audits to books notice us to be fatigued of partnerships picking up an excess of political force. Corporate oppression is a relic of days gone by, particularly in the time after the Second World War, corporate political force is kept up at a sheltered, reasonable level. There is no motivation to fear corporate force. The organization has a privilege to increase political force; it very well may be contended the enterprise must do as such for endurance. Besides, the mentality of government doubtlessly doesn't yield exorbitant capacity to the partnerships, as has been demonstrated commonly by authoritative activity. The sources of American dread of companies start before the introduction of America, when the Sons of Liberty arranged the Boston Tea Party. Regardless of what our primary school history exercises let us know, the Bostonians were for the most part worried that the East India Company had increased enough force with the frontier government to impose the duty in any case. The genuine purpose behind their dumping a large number of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the organization that was increasing enough size to command their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln anticipated an oppression of partnerships to come. He kept in touch with his companion in 1864: It has to be sure been a difficult hour for the Republic; however I find sooner rather than later an emergency moving toward that frightens me and makes me tremble for the security of my nation. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and a period of defilement in high places will follow, and the cash influence of the nation will try to draw out its rule by working upon the preferences of the individuals until all riches is collected in a couple of hands and the Republic is devastated. (Shaw, 40) Numerous other extraordinary Americans, including Thomas Je... Free Essays on Corporate Power Free Essays on Corporate Power It is generally contended that the American company holds undue and inordinate control over government dynamic. Scholars supporting this thought have squeezed various distributions, from magazines to audits to books notice us to be fatigued of enterprises picking up an excessive amount of political force. Corporate oppression is a relic of past times, particularly in the time after the Second World War, corporate political force is kept up at a sheltered, reasonable level. There is no motivation to fear corporate force. The partnership has a privilege to increase political force; it tends to be contended the organization must do as such for endurance. Moreover, the mentality of government definitely doesn't yield unnecessary capacity to the enterprises, as has been demonstrated commonly by administrative activity. The inceptions of American dread of enterprises start before the introduction of America, when the Sons of Liberty organized the Boston Tea Party. Regardless of what our grade school history exercises let us know, the Bostonians were for the most part worried that the East India Company had increased enough force with the pioneer government to exact the assessment in any case. The genuine purpose behind their dumping a large number of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor was to act against the organization that was increasing enough size to rule their lives (People’s Bicentennial Commission, xii). Later on in American history, Abraham Lincoln predicted an oppression of partnerships to come. He kept in touch with his companion in 1864: It has without a doubt been a difficult hour for the Republic; however I find sooner rather than later an emergency moving toward that panics me and makes me tremble for the wellbeing of my nation. . . [C]orporations have been enthroned and a time of debasement in high places will follow, and the cash influence of the nation will attempt to drag out its rule by working upon the biases of the individuals until all riches is collected in a couple of hands and the Republic is demolished. (Shaw, 40) Numerous other incredible Americans, including Thomas Je...

The Cardinal Traits of Personality

The Cardinal Traits of Personality Theories Personality Psychology Print The Cardinal Traits of Personality By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 21, 2020 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Allport's Cardinal Traits The Cardinal Traits The Central Traits The Secondary Traits Final Thoughts View All Back To Top Cardinal traits are those that dominate an individual’s personality to the point that the individual becomes known for them. Don Juan, for example, was so renowned for his sexual exploits that his name became a synonym for heartbreaker and libertine. The young Narcissus of Greek mythology was so enamored with his own reflection that his name became the root of the term narcissism or excessive self-obsession. The Cardinal Traits According to Allport Psychologist Gordon Allport was interested in discovering just how many personality traits exist.?? After combing through an English-language dictionary for terms related to personality, he suggested that there were more than 4,000 different terms describing personality traits. After analyzing these terms, he developed three different categories that each term could fall into. 1. The Cardinal Traits Cardinal traits were the most dominant, but also the rarest. Such traits are so intrinsically tied to an individuals personality that the person becomes almost synonymous with those qualities. Cardinal traits often develop later in life and serve to shape almost all aspects of an individuals purpose, behavior, and attitudes. Historical figures are often thought of in terms of their cardinal traits. Some examples include: Mother Teresa is strongly associated with goodness and charity. Today, her name is virtually synonymous with those traits.Adolph Hitler is associated with evil, and his name evokes the embodiment of ruthlessness and depravity.Einstein is known for his genius, and today his name is often used as a synonym for brilliance.Machiavelli (ruthlessness)Christ-like (good, faithful, holy)Ebenezer Scrooge (greedy)Martin Luther King, Jr. (justice and equality)Abraham Lincoln (honesty)Sigmund Freud (psychoanalytical) 2. The Central Traits Allport believed that central traits are much more common and serve as the basic building blocks of most people’s personality. If you think of the major terms you might use to describe your overall character; then those are probably your central traits. You might describe yourself as smart, kind, and outgoing. Those are your central traits. Allport believed that most people have about five to ten central traits and that most people contain many of these traits to a certain degree. A few examples of central traits include honesty, friendliness, generosity, anxiety, and diligence. 3. The Secondary Traits The secondary traits were the third category of traits that Allport described. Such personality traits that tend to present themselves in certain situations.?? For example, you might normally be a pretty easy-going person, but you might become short-tempered when you find yourself under a lot of pressure.  Such traits often reveal themselves only in certain situations. A normally cool, collected person, for example, might become very anxious when faced with speaking in public. Final Thoughts While the cardinal traits are considered among the most dominant of characteristics, they are also quite rare. Few people are so ruled by a singular theme that shapes the course of their entire life. The trait theories of personality suggest that each person’s personality is composed of a number of different characteristics. While early conceptualizations of the trait approach suggested hundreds or even thousands of traits existed (such as Allport’s approach), modern ideas propose that personality is composed of approximately five broad dimensions.??

Parts Per Million Definition

Parts per million (ppm) is a commonly used unit of concentration for small values. One part per million is one part of solute per one million parts solvent  or 10-6. Parts per million and other parts per notations (e.g., parts per billion or parts per trillion) are dimensionless quantities with no units. Preferred methods for expressing parts per million include  Ã‚ µV/V (microvolume per volume),  Ã‚ µL/L (microliters per liter), mg/kg (milligram per kilogram),  Ã‚ µmol/mol (micromole per mole), and  µm/m (micrometer per meter). The parts per notation is used to describe dilute solutions in chemistry and engineering, but its meaning is ambiguous and it is not part of the SI system of measurement. The reason the system is ambiguous is because the concentration depends on the original unit fraction that is used. For example, comparing one milliliter of a sample to a million milliliters is different from comparing one mole to a million moles or one gram to one million grams. Sources Milton R. Beychok (2005). Air Dispersion Modeling Conversions and Formulas. Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion (4th ed.). Milton R. Beychok. ISBN 0964458802.Schwartz and Warneck (1995). Units for use in atmospheric chemistry (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 67: 1377–1406. doi:10.1351/pac199567081377

Hamlet As A Tragic Hero - 1071 Words

Hamlet as a Tragic Hero The Webster dictionary defines tragedy as, â€Å"a serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror.† (Webster Dictionary) So a tragic hero is a character who goes through a conflict and suffers catastrophically as a direct result of his choices. You will see throughout this story that the character Hamlet is a clear example of Shakespeare’s tragic hero. Shakespeare wrote the play so Hamlet would be very dynamic, so he shows an array of good and bad characteristics throughout the play. When he is first brought into the story in Act I- Scene 2, you see Hamlet being a nice, sensitive young prince who is grieving the death of his father, who was King. His dad’s death was a surprise to Hamlet and the whole city. He was asleep in his garden and a â€Å"snake† poisoned the King. As Hamlet learned later in the story The serpent that did sting thy father s life now wears his crown (Shakespeare Act I Scene V), which meant that Claudius was the one that killed his father. After his father’s death his mother then immediately married his uncle. This made him even more upset. Mixed in with his obvious sorrow about his dad are feelings of anger because what his mother did. Shakespeare wanted to emphasize this emotion it leaves you feeling sympathetic for Hamlet. You can see from the very beginning that he is a very complex person, and this marksShow MoreRelatedHamlet As A Tragic Hero850 Words   |  4 Pagesas a hero if they revenge? Well In the novel Hamlet the author, William Shakespeare creates tragic events where his main character Hamlet has to overcome to achieve his goal of killing his evil uncle Claudius. â€Å"In life one has to do bad thing in order to be a hero,the hero also has to make sacrifices in order to be successful† (John Barrowman). In Shakespeare Hamlet, should hamlet be considered a tragic hero judging by him following the hero steps. Shakespeare proves that Hamlet was a tragic heroRead MoreHamlet, A Tragic Hero1003 Words   |  5 Pagesmemorable tragic hero’s Hamlet is the definition of a tragic hero. In the book, Hamlet, Shakespeare’s character hamlet is determined on killing his uncle the king. This goal proves to be challenging to him due to his morals. He often struggles with this throughout the book. This proves to be his downfall for not deciding to kill the king until the very end. A tragic hero has to have a fatal flaw that, combined with fate, brings tragedy. This is one of the key characteristics of a tragic hero. He hadRead MoreHamlet : A Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet: A Tragic Hero William Shakespeare is known through the ages as a brilliant playwright. He has written several comedies and tragedies that people have loved through decades. Shakespeare’s plays have been interpreted in many different ways and have been debated on which interpretation is correct. Some of these included even the basis of the character’s persona. In the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet, the main protagonist, Prince Hamlet, is fated by the ghost of his late father that, becauseRead MoreHamlet as a Tragic Hero2505 Words   |  11 Pagesterror. A tragic hero, therefore, is the character who experiences such a conflict and suffers catastrophically as a result of his choices and related actions. The character of Hamlet is a clear representation of Shakespeares tragic hero, as he possesses all the necessary characteristics of such a hero. Hamlet is seen as a tragic hero as he has doomed others because of a serious error in judgment, also Hamlet is responsible for his own fat e and Hamlet has been endowed with a tragic flaw. TheseRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero1305 Words   |  6 Pages Sympathy is a feeling of sorrow, pity, or understanding of someone else’s misfortune. Hamlet, in this case, is the tragic hero due to many different sources that cause the reader to have an immense amount of sympathy for him. A series of events such as murder, failed relationships, and all the madness, created the feeling of sympathy from the audience. These specific sources cause the reader to see the development of the overall themes of deceit, justice, and revenge. Deceit is one of the mainRead MoreHamlet; Tragic Hero3618 Words   |  15 Pages Hamlet; The Tragic Hero            Ã‚  Ã‚      In many plays there is always one person that is the tragic hero. They always possess some type of tragic flaw that in turn leads to their tragic deaths. In the Shakespearean play Hamlet the main character Hamlet is considered to be a tragic hero. By carefully analyzing the Shakespearean play Hamlet one can debate whether the main character Hamlet is a tragic hero. Although it is debatable whether or not Hamlet is a tragic hero, one wouldRead MoreIs Hamlet A Tragic Hero Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesTo be, or not to be: a hero. That is the question often asked of William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: whether Hamlet II, Prince of Denmark, can be considered a hero. Throughout the play Hamlet proves himself to be a hero, although different from the usual sense of one. Hamlet is a tragic hero, â€Å"a great or virtuous character . . . who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat . . . who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw tha t, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedyRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet: A Tragic Hero Essays697 Words   |  3 Pagestragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare’s most popular and greatest tragedy, presents his genius as a playwright and includes many numbers of themes and literary techniques. In all tragedies, the main character, called a tragic hero, suffers and usually dies at the end. Prince Hamlet is a m odel example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. Every tragedy must have a tragic hero. A tragic hero must own many good traits, but has a flaw that ultimately leads to his downfall. If not for this tragic flaw, the hero would beRead More Hamlet: A Tragic Hero Essays873 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A tragic flaw is an error or defect in the tragic hero that leads to his downfall.† (http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/literature/bedlit/glossary_t.htm) In the history of literature, if the question of who was the most indecisive character was brought up, Hamlet would be a prime candidate. Hamlet had numerous chances to reap revenge for his father’s death but was only able to follow through after the accidental murder of his mother. Hamlet’s inability to make a decision ultimately leads to his demise

The boy and the stripped pj Free Essays

An important part of life is to have a sense of identity, culture and to belong. Sometimes we have to sacrifice some of our Identity to fit in, but we can learn new things and grow our Identity. A sense of belonging means you feel you are In the right place, your comfortable being yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on The boy and the stripped pj or any similar topic only for you Order Now While many people belong, there are also many people who don’t belong, either by having a lack of friends, not fitting in or finding their surrounding new or unsure. In 2008 mark Hermes produced the movie the Boy In the Stripped Pajamas that has both aspect of belonging. In the Immigrant Chronicles by Peter Crooknecks, he writes is poems about his life experiences and weather or not if he belonged. 2 poems of his, from the immigrant chronicles that show a lack of belonging are â€Å"In the Folk Museum† and â€Å"The Migrant Hostel†. The Boy In the Stripped Pajamas Is a movie about a 8 year old boy called Bruno, him and his family are made to move to a place called out with (Auschwitz), they move houses as his father is a highly ranked solider. Their new house is in sight of a connection camp, because of this Bruno is not allowed to do his most favorite thing explore, and must stay inside of the yard. The movie is set in World War 2, Germany After they move the first scene, where Bruno feels a sense of belonging Is when he runs out of the yard into the forest, the camera follows him by a tracking shot, this highlights the joy he gets from exploring. The overgrown surrounding highlights his freedom, after having nothing to do and no one to talk to; when he is running you can see how he feels a sense of belonging and identity. The closer Bruno gets to the fence the brighter the colors get; this reinforced the tone of Bruno and his happiness. Hen Bruno first comes across the fence and sees Samuel, he doesn’t understand hat the connection camp is, he sees Samuel as a new friend that will be able to play with him. When Bruno and Samuel first meet the shot goes between the two of them, when the shot is on Bruno the background is bright yellow flowers, Bruno is in nice clean clothes, when the shots goes to Samuel the background it is dull grey colors and he Is wearing old dirty st ripped pajamas, the dull colors shows us, that Samuel doesn’t fit In to his surrounding, he doesn’t belong In a contention camp at 8 years old. The scene gives us the visual clues that enabled us to compare their lives. We’re not meant to be friends you and me, we’re meant to be enemies did you know,† said by Bruno to Samuel, this shows the culture barrier between them. In one of the last scene with Bruno and Samuel Is when Bruno crosses the fence to help as he realizes what the camp is the, weather starts to storm and turn dull grey tones, which creates tension. The last view of Bruno and Samuel is when they get taken to the gas chamber with other prisoners. The view is them clutching hands, it shows even in death, they friendship is united, that in the end they belonged to each other s friends. In the folk museum is about the poet being in a museum, he can’t connected to the museum, because he feels like he is in a different time zone, that his surrounding aren’t from where he is used, he doesn’t belong in that time zone. The poem suggests the importance of belonging to a place and how it makes you feel. In stanza 1 the words â€Å"darkness† and â€Å"betray’ creates a tone of isolated and alienation, it creates the atmosphere of lonely, sadness and sinister. In the movie, Bruno feels alienated, when he moved he has no one his age as him and wasn’t allowed to explore, he feels like he can’t belong to his new surrounding, that there is nothing their for him. The extending metaphor of the words, autumn, yellow and brown reinforced a mood of dull colors that creates a feeling of being alone and unpleasant that he isn’t happy where he is. In the finial stanza line 3, â€Å"l leave without, wanting a finial look. † This is Lorraine; it creates the effect of a fast escape. When Bruno starts running he doesn’t look back. It shows when you can to start to feel like you are belonging again, you don’t need to look back you know what’s right and you Just go for it. The Migrant Hostel is about the experiences of the author and others at a migrant hostels. Crooknecks creates the feeling of disappointment through the many reference of them having no control over their lives. The poem to me talks about the hardship and barriers of creating a new life. In stanza 1 line 1,2 â€Å"no one kept count, of all the coming and going†, this creates the feeling like they weren’t important. The poem can relate the Samuel and the other member of the connection camp. The people from the connection camp are not treated right. â€Å"Those people, well their not really people at all, Bruno†, Bruno father ells Bruno, this shows how they can’t belong as they aren’t even considered to be people at all. In stanza 3 line 2†³we lived like birds of passage† this is a simile, the we in the sentence can refer to everyone in the camp that even know they don’t belong they are starting a new Journey and they all want to fly out. It also refers to the way migrants are still in transit as everything is changing and they are being constantly moved around. Which can make them have a lack of security and belonging to the place The line â€Å"a barrier at the main gate, sealed off the highway’ is making the separation f them and Australia, it makes them feel powerless, the highway symbioses the fence is a recurring motif in the movie, many scenes including where they meet, is the fence. The fence becomes a barrier between their friendships, but it is what ties they together. The gate in the poem can give them hope; it could represent the new start, that once they’re through the gate their started. The Boy in the Stripped pajamas, In the Folk Museum and The Migrant hostel shows the importance of belonging to people and place and how it can relate to making people unhappy. How to cite The boy and the stripped pj, Papers

The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) Essay Example For Students

The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) Essay The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications)John Hughes 1985 film, The Breakfast Club, gives countless examples of the principles of interpersonal communication. Five high school students: Allison, a weirdo, Brian, a nerd, John, a criminal, Claire, a prom queen, and Andrew, a jock, are forced to spend the day in Saturday detention. By the end of the day, they find that they have more in common than they ever realized. I will begin by selecting a scene from the movie and using it to explain what interpersonal communication is. The interpersonal transaction I chose to isolate was the scene where we see Bender and Claire going through each others wallet and purse. Claire inquires about the pictures of girls in Benders wallet and Bender asks about the number of items in Claires purse. This scene shows that interpersonal communication is a dynamic process. In previous transactions between the two characters, they are hostile towards each other and self-disclose minimally. In this conversation, Claire calmly asks Bender personal questions, although Bender is still watchful of what he self-discloses. Interpersonal communication is inescapable. While Claire is asking these questions, no matter how Bender responds, he is still sending Claire a message about himself, which is a form of communication. Interpersonal communication is unrepeatable, in that Claire probably wouldnt ask the same kind of questions after realizing Benders disbelief in monogamy. The conversation couldnt be reenacted exactly the same. Interpersonal communication is also irreversible. After this interpersonal transaction, it would be impossible for Bender to argue that he believes in monogamy or for Claire to argue that she doesnt. Even if they were to say they didnt mean what they said, the transaction would still have some sort of effect on both of them. Interpersonal communication is complicated because Claire must take everything she knows about Bender in consideration before she forms her questions. When she asks Bender why he doesnt believe in monogamy and Bender doesnt respond, Claire doesnt take into consideration the fact that Bender likes to disclose very little about himself. This scene also shows that interpersonal communication is contextual. If Bender and Claire werent in detention together, they wouldnt even be talking to each other. Furthermore, if they werent in detention together, they wouldnt b e as nice to each other as they are. They would probably be much more defensive and self-protective in a different context. Interpersonal communication is governed by rules. One of these rules is that people should respect the others privacy. In this situation, when Bender is reluctant to explain why he doesnt believe in monogamy, Claire sees this and backs off. We will write a custom essay on The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Claire and Benders conversation, there are a few nonverbal messages both characters send. Claire is curious and intrigued by Bender. This can be seen in her posture towards him and her usage of direct eye contact. Bender seems to be somewhat disinterested because of his avoidance of eye contact and unanimated facial expressions. When Claire (discussing monogamoustic relationships) asks, Why not? it is clear that Bender doesnt want to answer the question by his cold look and quick change of subject. There arent any verbal misunderstandings between the two because Claire persistently asks for clarification on every one of Benders responses. Claire asks, Are all these your girlfriends? Followed by, What about the others? Bender replies, Some I consider my girlfriends and some I just consider. Due to Benders vague response, Claire asks, Consider what? If Claire didnt keep asking for explanations, she would misunderstand Bender because of his vagueness. In this interaction, both characters display characteristics of an assertive communication style. Claire shows assertiveness in the way she forms her questions according to Benders responses. She doesnt act bossy or pushy with her inquiries, but simply shows her interest and curiosity. When Bender refuses to answer a question, Claire respects Benders decision and ceases to investigate further. But, when Bender responds with, How come you got so much shit in your purse? Claire shows her assertiveness by refusing the question, firing back with, How come you got so many girlfriends? Bender is assertive as well in this scene in that he chooses to answer the questions he wants. In any other scene, Bender would be described as The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) Essay Example For Students The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) Essay The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) Essay John Hughes 1985 film, The Breakfast Club, gives countless examples of the principles of interpersonal communication. Five high school students: Allison, a weirdo, Brian, a nerd, John, a criminal, Claire, a prom queen, and Andrew, a jock, are forced to spend the day in Saturday detention. By the end of the day, they find that they have more in common than they ever realized. I will begin by selecting a scene from the movie and using it to explain what interpersonal communication is. The interpersonal transaction I chose to isolate was the scene where we see Bender and Claire going through each others wallet and purse. We will write a custom essay on The Breakfast Club (Intercommunications) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Claire inquires about the pictures of girls in Benders wallet and Bender asks about the number of items in Claires purse. This scene shows that interpersonal communication is a dynamic process. In previous transactions between the two characters, they are hostile towards each other and self-disclose minimally. In this conversation, Claire calmly asks Bender personal questions, although Bender is still watchful of what he self-discloses. Interpersonal communication is inescapable. While Claire is asking these questions, no matter how Bender responds, he is still sending Claire a message about himself, which is a form of communication. Interpersonal communication is unrepeatable, in that Claire probably wouldnt ask the same kind of questions after realizing Benders disbelief in monogamy. The conversation couldnt be reenacted exactly the same. Interpersonal communication is also irreversible. After this interpersonal transaction, it would be impossible for Bender to argue that he believes in monogamy or for Claire to argue that she doesnt. Even if they were to say they didnt mean what they said, the transaction would still have some sort of effect on both of them. Interpersonal communication is complicated because Claire must take everything she knows about Bender in consideration before she forms her questions. When she asks Bender why he doesnt believe in monogamy and Bender doesnt respond, Claire doesnt take into consideration the fact that Bender likes to disclose very little about himself. This scene also shows that interpersonal communication is contextual. If Bender and Claire werent in detention together, they wouldnt even be talking to each other. Furthermore, if they werent in detention together, they wouldnt be as nice to each other as they are. They would probably be much more defensive and self-protective in a different context. Interpersonal communication is governed by rules. One of these rules is that people should respect the others privacy. In this situation, when Bender is reluctant to explain why he doesnt believe in monogamy, Claire sees this and backs off. In Claire and Benders conversation, there are a few nonverbal messages both characters send. Claire is curious and intrigued by Bender. This can be seen in her posture towards him and her usage of direct eye contact. Bender seems to be somewhat disinterested because of his avoidance of eye contact and unanimated facial expressions. When Claire (discussing monogamoustic relationships) asks, Why not? it is clear that Bender doesnt want to answer the question by his cold look and quick change of subject. There arent any verbal misunderstandings between the two because Claire persistently asks for clarification on every one of Benders responses. Claire asks, Are all these your girlfriends? Followed by, What about the others? Bender replies, Some I consider my girlfriends and some I just consider. Due to Benders vague response, Claire asks, Consider what? If Claire didnt keep asking for explanations, she would misunderstand Bender because of his vagueness. In this interaction, both characters display characteristics of an assertive communication style. Claire shows assertiveness in the way she forms her questions according to Benders responses. .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .postImageUrl , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:hover , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:visited , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:active { border:0!important; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:active , .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20cb3588e13c1bc75a08fbd494e22cdf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Case summary: issues faced by Sutter Health, solutions and its outcomes She doesnt act bossy or pushy with her inquiries, but simply shows her interest and curiosity. When Bender refuses to answer a question, Claire respects Benders decision and ceases to investigate further. But, when Bender responds with, How come you got so much shit in your purse? Claire shows her assertiveness by refusing the question, firing back with, How come you got so many girlfriends? Bender is assertive as well in this scene in that he chooses to answer the questions he wants. In any other scene, Bender would be described as .

Rising Health Care Costs Essays

Rising Health Care Costs Essays Rising Health Care Costs Paper Rising Health Care Costs Paper One of the biggest problems small employers face today is the steadily rising costs of health coverage for its employees. This paper covers how health care premiums have risen in double digits for the past five consecutive years, how many small businesses are forced to drop health care coverage for their employees because of the out of control costs, and what small businesses are doing to control the costs and still offer health care coverage to their employees. The good news is that small businesses have been doing better than the overall economy. During the past few years, they have overcome rough times and developed a resiliency that is serving them well. The bad news is that the rising cost of health insurance is one issue that they may not overcome. In 2005, employees health insurance premiums climbed a bit less in than in recent years, but continually rising costs have prompted many small businesses to drop health benefits altogether. In 2005, health care premiums raised an average of 9.2 percent, falling from the 11. 2 percent increase in 2004 and ending four straight years of double-digit escalation. While the earnings of a minimum-wage worker in Minnesota is at $12,792 per year, the average cost of health coverage for family coverage is $10,880, with employees paying $2713. 00 of that. Premiums are 73 percent higher than they were five years ago . Also troubling is the drop in employers who offer health insurance driven almost entirely by small companies that have given up coverage. Today, sixty percent of employers offer health insurance to employees, down from sixty nine percent in 2000. Most of the employers are small businesses that are forced to drop coverage because it is unreasonably affordable. Growth in health insurance costs outpaced inflation and wage growth. Between 2003 and 2004, premiums increased an average an average of 11. 2 percent, significantly faster than other economic indicators: inflation rose 2. 3 percent and wages rose 2. 2 percent. There are many reasons small businesses are finding it difficult to provide coverage to their employees, with cost the most significant one. The small businesses characteristics, including whether a small firm is a component of a larger business, the composition of its workforce, and the industry of which it is a part, are the most important factors in determining an employers ability to acquire affordable health coverage for its employees. Despite the high cost of premiums and the cost of  administering the benefit, small employers state many important business reasons for offering health insurance coverage to its employees. Most say they provide health benefits because it helps with employee recruitment, increases employee loyalty, and decreases turnover. They also note that these benefits positively affect employee attitude, performance, and health. The most important reason for offering health insurance coverage, small employers say, is that it is the right thing to do. The most significant reason for a small business employers decision not to offer health benefits however is the skyrocketing costs. So what can a small business employer do to maintain its health care coverage for its employees? Possibilities are reducing benefits, shifting more of the cost of the premiums to its employees, requiring employees to pay high co-payments when they visit a doctor, switching from a PPO to a HMO, and covering only employees rather than including family members. Higher deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses may be another option to ease the burden on the employer. To offset the cost increases of prescription drug coverage, employees can also ask employees to pay larger co-payments at the pharmacy. Another option may be to implement a health savings account, where the employer contributes a preset amount to an employees health resources (personal account.) The money put into the plan can be used against out-of-pocket medical expenses, and employees can roll over the money in an account from year to year when their costs are less than the amount set aside. Finally, flexible spending accounts allow employees to pay for part of their co-payments and other non-reimbursed medical expenses with pretax dollars. After all is said and done, there remains a very strong incentive for small businesses to provide affordable employee health care insurance. Their ability to hire and retain talented employees, as well as the mental and physical well being of current employees. Roughly 9% of small businesses have stopped providing benefits altogether as a way to manage health care costs. Until a cap is put on the steadily rising health care costs, employees will have to share more of the burden of their health insurance costs. This is not an attractive solution, but one that for now, can act as a temporary fix and allow Americas small businesses to continue to fuel our economy.

RESEARCH PAPER WRITING SERVICE

RESEARCH PAPER WRITING SERVICE Perfect Essay.com is considered to be one of the best writing services on the Internet. And if you ask why, well, there is a number of specific reasons to that.   First is our writing team consists of custom term papers English writers who do their writing job the best way possible. Another important feature of our online research paper writing services are superb 24/7 Customer Service Support. Term paper writing is our primary writing service specialty. While not many writing services are able to deliver the top quality writing, you should ask your friends or consult with latest comments what writing service can be helpful and applicable specifically to your needs. The initial target while organizing a research paper is the ability to present your project precisely for many people to read. Another significant research paper aspect is to select exciting and useful topic. Student must be interested in finding various methods that will show specific results and useful data interpretations to the reader. The summary must help both student and reader to determine if the basic study is relevant and up-to-date. RESEARCH PAPER WRITING SERVICE Perfect Essay.com is one of the best writing services on the Internet. We have custom term papers English writers to do the best writing job for you today. A research paper writing service is our primary writing service specialty. The initial objective while organizing a research paper is the ability to present your work selectively for other people to read. Another important research paper aspect is selecting interesting topic. Student must be interesting in findings methods that will present specific result and useful data interpretations. The summary is able to help you to determine if the initial study was relevant and up-to-date.   While many journals do require certain sections, all of the information must be submitted in a form of order listing. Every section must start with a new page. In some cases, journals are allowed to present discussions together with research results. An example is the body of research paper may include both methods and materials of selected subject. Another example is the journal Science puts altogether separate sections combined. The only exception is made for the abstract. RESEARCH PAPER WRITING SERVICE A quality research paper writing service is able to provide a whole range of academic assignments upon your request. Whether you have to write a term paper from the scratch or to improve on existing term or research paper, online research paper writing service is able to provide you all the assistance you may need today. What are the benefits of ordering to complete your college or university assignment online? Start with receiving a 100% satisfaction guarantee and receive a quality research paper today. We are able to save you time and efforts.   Our academic writing company service is able to perform a whole research for you. Simply delegate your task to us and we will be able to perform a thorough research and paper writing for you. Another benefit of using our research paper writing service is to save hours and hours of writing process. Place your first order today and get your 15% discount. Research paper, term papers, homework assistance, essay or case study, trust your assignment to us and we will deliver a completed paper within the deadline.

NO TOPIC JUST DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NO TOPIC JUST DISCUSSION QUESTIONS - Dissertation Example It is one’s contention that the change was managed successfully paving the way for various suppliers and customers to take advantage of advanced communication, computer, and mobile services at increasing volume and decreasing costs. Despite the efficiency and success of contemporary organizations in the industry, future challenges come in terms of continued reliability and sustainability of the system as well as controls in costs of both telecommunications equipment and services. Discussion Question 2: The force field analysis is a viable tool to initiate changes at work through the identification and evaluation of both driving forces and forces of resistance. As indicated, through brainstorming, one is made to clearly itemize these forces and determine which force/s have greater intensities that could assist in the accomplishment of identified change goals.

Health science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health science - Essay Example Repolarization: It is a case where neuron membrane potential returns to negative value, back to resting membrane potential. This is due to movement of positively charged K+ ions out of the cell which takes less than a second. Frontal lobe: It is the part of the lobe that controls important skills for humans, such as memory, emotions. Other responsibilities include primary motor function/ ability to consciously move our muscles and two key areas related to speech. Some of the things we say to our friends are misinterpreted where they come up with their own stories. Recently my co-worker requested me to accompany her to a dinner out of the city, which I declined with a good reason. The reason I declined the deal was because I was supposedly attending another concert, and being the organizer, I had to see that all went well throughout the event. Unfortunately we later met with the same colleague while in the company of another lady friend. Contrary to my expectations, the colleague assumed that I had turned down her deal for a better one. I was not in a position to explain what happened in that moment, but fortunately I did later. It is thus true that it is not what is intended, but what is perceived matters. A type 2 diabetes treatment for newly diabetic patients recently has grown in complexity. Some of the older therapies continue to be supplemented by the new ones. Emerging research compares effectiveness and safety while monitoring these patterns critically. Some of the emerging trends include new classes of devices adding and drugs, thus improving lives for type 2 diabetes patients. The condition can also be treated by learning how to exercise and chose the right diet. Doctors are becoming more vigilant in treating diabetes. The current medical expertise is helping type 2 diabetes patients to be diagnosed and treated earlier than they once did. These trends like new medications advanced eating habit and new drug research through available technology will

History And Importance Of Hydropower

History And Importance Of Hydropower Hydropower is produced by converting the kinetic energy of the moving water to electrical one. The motion of water is part of a continuous natural phenomena called the water cycle. Energy from the sun evaporates water from oceans and rivers and raise it as steam or vapor. When the watervapor reaches a colder atmosphere level, it condenses and forms cloud. The moisture eventually reaches a point at which air cannot keep carrying it, so it falls to the earth as rain or snow, this process is called precipitation. Gravity drives the water, moving it from higher ground level to lower one. The force of moving water can be extremely powerful. Hydropower is a renewable energy source because the water on the earth is in a continuous motion. As long as the water cycle continues, we will not run out of this source. In the old past people used a simple machine called water wheel to produce a specific motion using the movement of the water in the rivers or any other source. The water wheel is located below a source of flowing water. It captures the water in plates that is normal to the wheel, the water hits the plates causes the wheel to turn. Water wheels convert the kinetic energy of the water into another type of motion. That energy can then be used to grind grain, drive sawmills, or pump water. There are several examples of water wheel application in the past. For instance, the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour more than 2,000 years ago. In the beginning of the 18th century, factories at America and Europe used it also to power machines. In the late 19th century, the potential energy of water was used to generate electricity. The first hydro electric power plant was built at Niagara Falls in 1879 and it started a revolution of Hydro electrical power plants. in the following decades, many plants were built. At the peak in the early 1940s, hydropower occupies 33 percent of USA electricity. But, by the end of 1940s, inexpensive fossil fuel plants also joined the competition. At that time, plants burning coal or oil could make cheaper electrical power than hydro power plants. This fossil fuel plants was burning the fossil fuel and the hydro power plants till the 1970s. In that decade the way was opened for hydro power plants again because of the oil shocks that made people showed an interest in renewable power sources. 1.3 Importance In this part of the report, I am going to relate people and hydropower in a logical chain, that will show how much it is important to change the way that electricity is produced nowadays. People, as we all know, are part of the natural world and the materials they are using in building, clothing, food, etc come from natural resources. What surround us are composed of large numbers of built environment, the facilities built by humans for comfort, security, and well-being. As our built environment grows, we become more reliant on what it is offering to us. To satisfy our demands improvement to our built environment is needed, to do such upgrading we need electricity which can be generated by using the resources of natural fuels. In obtaining these resources, it is necessary to drill oil wells, tap natural gas supplies, or mine coal and uranium. In order to put water to work on a large scale, storage dams are needed. Some human activities have more lasting impacts than others. Techniques to mine resources from below the earth may leave long-lasting impacts on the environment. Oil wells may detract from the beauty of open landscapes. Reservoirs behind dams may cover whole valleys. The usage of energy sources can further impact the land, water, and air in different amounts. People want clean air and water and a pleasing environment. They also want power to heat and light the homes and to run machines. So, what would be the solution? Logically there are two straight forward solutions, but both are hard to be done. One solution is curbing The increasing demand for electrical power. As explained above, this is something that far from the actual trend. The other solution is that more power must be produced in environmentally friendly ways. Conservation can save electricity, but our population is growing. In other words even if we are very conservative in power consumption, our demand is still increasing. So, growth is inevitable. So again, the wisest solution is a careful, planned approach to how to bring a new, efficient ,clean and renewable resource of energy. All choices must be examined, and the most efficient, acceptable methods should be adopted. One alternative is hydro power plants and based on the characteristics of this plants it seems to be a successful choice. These features are many, one is that hydro power plants do not use nonrenewable resources to make electricity. They also do not produce pollution, rarely fail, have low operating costs and they are reliable. WAYS OF HYDROPOWER PRODUCTION I will discuss in this part of the report two methods to produce power using hydro energy that fit with the conditions in Saudi Arabia which are the lack of dams and rivers. These two ways are the sea power plants and power production in water Desalination stations. Using Sea Energy First of all I will discuss tidal energy as one type of the sea energy. The tides rise and fall eternally . Tides are changes in the level of the oceans caused by the rotation of earth and the gravitational force from both the moon and the sun. Nearshore sea level can vary up to 15 meters, depending on different factors. Tidal energy is the most promising source of ocean energy for today and the near future. Tidal energy plants capture the energy in the same manner that happened in dams, but here the dam is the whole coastal line. The water is filling this virtual dam and draining it twice a day. Then, by sitting up a set of turbines that connected to gears to convert the motion of the water into electrical power, and by building specific structures under the sea level which magnify the speed of water during the filling and draining process we will have a perfect tidal power plant. The oldest and largest tidal plant, La Rance in France, has been successfully producing electricity since 1968. Nowadays, the electricity from tidal plants costs a lot compared to other ways. It is expensive and takes time to build up the turbines and the structures, which can be several miles long. On the other hand, the fuel free, always available and green, and the plants are easy to maintain. For example, two operators are needed to run the La Rance plant at night and on weekends. And the plants is durable with little maintenance. Other type of sea energy is current and marine stems. The water in seas are continuously moving. We can use some of the oceanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s energy, but most of it is out of reach. Capturing this energy problem is not a problem, the real problem is transporting it to the land. Generating electricity in the middle of the ocean just doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t make sense since there is no one living in the middle of the sea. We can only use the energy near shore. Using Steam Energy (In W.D.S.) Of course, during the process of desalinating water, steam must be produced. And the moving pressurized steam has tremendous energy in it. Energy in steam is held both in heat and pressure. When heat is applied to a water, the electrons begin to move quickly around molecules. The change of a liquid state to a gas state takes place when the moving molecules take to the air because of its rapidly moving electrons. The water molecules up in the air stay away from each other. When very large number of water molecules are heated, and all repelling each other, pressure builds. When this pressure is released, energy can be generated. When the pressure in steam is released, it transfers its energy to whatever it hits, so by putting a turbine or a piston, this steam energy will be converted to mechanical one. This movement can be used to generate electrical energy, or it can use the steam energy directly in steam machines, like steams trains. COMPARISON BETWEEN HYDRO ENERGY AND OTHER RESOURCES In this section I will come over many aspects about hydro energy like the cost of power generation depending on hydro energy. Then, I am going to mention some up and down sides of this energy source. Cost Hydropower on average is the world cheapest way to generate electricity today. No other energy source, renewable or not, can be compared to it. Today, it costs about a cent per kWh (kilowatt-hour) to produce electricity at a typical hydro plant. Comparing to others, it costs coal plants about 4 cents per kWh and nuclear plants about 2 to generate electricity. Producing electricity from hydropower is cheap because of many reasons. For instance, if a dam has been built and generators installed, the energy source becomes free one. They are cheap also due to their firm structures and simple equipment. Hydro plants are reliable and durable, and their maintenance costs are low compared to coal or nuclear plants. 3.2 Advantage The advantages of hydroelectric power are so many. The power created through the use of dams and turbines is not reliant on coal, oil, uranium, or any polluting nonrenewable resources. Unlike other sources of power, it does not create carbon monoxide smoke, nuclear waste or any other harmful materials. The second advantage is when you construct a dam, it can create power for years and years to come. For example, the Hoover Dam in the US was constructed back in 1936 and it still provides a large amount of power to California, Nevada, and Arizona, three of the most power consuming states. Another advantage is aside from initial construction costs, it is simple and cheap to maintain a turbine. The Hoover Dam again has had only one large renovation done in the 90 years ago since it was created. The last up side I want to mention, is about water, the source of the turbineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power, is one of the earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most abundant resources and it is completely renewabl e. The tides, dams, streams and lakes that hydro electric power sources use to generate power are always moving about, and the turbine simply captures the power, converts it and sends it out to the needed areas. Disadvantage While I spend the majority of report explaining the advantages of hydroelectricity, there are a few disadvantages in terms of cost and wildlife damage. The major disadvantage of hydroelectric power, is its initial cost. Building a dam or marine structures is costless thing to do. Another disadvantage is the need of hiring a professional person who can locate where the dam should be built, as well as a place where the water can build up. In addition to that, redirecting the river for a few months while constructing the dam or evacuating a shore and keeping it dry until building the enormous nuzzles, which is a huge project, and will cost billions. Now, to put things in perspective, once a dam is built, all what is basically needed is a few maintenance workers, so costs become low. Secondly, there is a fact that building a hydroelectric power source is terminating the local wildlife. Whatever done, destroying the surrounding landscapes specially for the dam well happen, whether because of building a whole new lake, or because of adding a large wall into an area where fish used to swim freely back and forth hydroelectric power certainl y takes a toll on the natural habitat. Fortunately engineers started to become a little more conscious of the damage, by building smaller dams, or by providing overflow areas so that fish do not stuck being. While these changes are floating to the surface slowly, at least they are being made. Finally, there is the element of social change that can happen because of a dam being built. By their nature, all sources of hydropower must limit the flow of water in order to make them build up pressure to attain maximum results. As the water is limited, towns and villages downstream can sometimes have their water source drained down to a trickle, particularly after multiple dams, waterwheels and simple use of water can dry riverbeds and render some towns without a water source. Overall, though, considering how much potential energy can be gained by hydroelectric power, the disadvantages of hydroelectric power are probably worth enduring, since they produce so little carbon dioxide, and provide an endless source of electrical power to the area. CONCLUSION In this report, I discussed in detail the Hydro power production trend from the past till now. I gave a brief definition of hydro energy and talked about it importance. In the second part, I explained the types of hydro energy that is available in KSA to use. These types are tidal and marine streams energy and moving pressurized steam in water desalination plants. I introduced the way of each process, and its main up and down sides of them. And finally, I compared Hydro energy with other resources of energy in terms of cost, environmental impact, simplicity and durability. I found out that it is in fact the cheapest way to produce electricity, also it has a simple and firm structure that can last for years with a little care.

Similarities and Dissimilarities Between Shelley and Keats

Similarities and dissimilarities Though P. B. Shelley and John Keats were mutual friends, but they have possessed the diversified qualities in their creativity. These two are the great contributors of English Literature, though their lifecycle were very short. Their comparison are also little with each other, while each are very much similar in thoughts, imagination, creation and also their lifetime. 01)  Attitude towards the Nature P. B. Shelley: Whereas older Romantic poets looked at nature as a realm of communion with pure existence and with a truth preceding human experience, the later Romantics looked at nature primarily as a realm of overwhelming beauty and aesthetic pleasure. While Wordsworth and Coleridge often write about nature in itself, Shelley tends to invoke nature as a sort of supreme metaphor for beauty, creativity, and expression. This means that most of Shelley's poems about art rely on metaphors of nature as their means of expression: the West Wind in â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† becomes a symbol of the poetic faculty spreading Shelley's words like leaves among mankind, and the skylark in â€Å"To a Skylark† becomes a symbol of the purest, most joyful, and most inspired creative impulse. The skylark is not a bird, it is a â€Å"poet hidden. † John Keats: Keats’s sentiment of Nature is simpler than that of other romantics. He remains absolutely influenced by the Pantheism of Wordsworth and P. B. Shelley. It was his instinct to love and interpret Nature more for her own sake, and less for the sake of the sympathy which the human mind can read into her with its own workings and aspirations. Keats is the poet of senses, and he loves Nature because of her sensual appeal, her appeal to the sense of sight, the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, the sense of touch. Both men were great lovers of nature, and an abundance of their poetry is filled with  nature  and the mysterious magnificence it holds. Their attitudes towards the Nature are slightly difference. P. B. Shelley treats the natural bjects as the supreme elements of inspiring him. Natural elements are successfully glorified by Shelley. He worships Nature and wants some of power from nature to enrich his poetical power to transmit his message to the people in this older world. On the other hand Keats treats nature as an observer, as a traveler. He finds interest to appreciate the physical beauty of Nature. Both writers happene d to compose poems concerning autumn in the year of 1819, and although the two pieces contain similar traits of the Romantic period, they differ from each other in several ways as well. Keats' poem â€Å"To Autumn† and Shelley's poem â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† both contain potent and  vivacious  words about the season and both include similar metaphors involving autumn. However, the feelings each writer express in their pieces vary greatly from each other, and Keats and Shelley address nature in their poems with  different  intentions as well. Shelley and Keats  exhibit  their genius for rich energized word use within these two poems wonderfully. Also, interesting similarities between the two pieces are some of the metaphors the poets  implement. Hair  is a subject both writers explored as ametaphor  for nature. Shelley, in â€Å"Ode to the West Wind,† claims the wind is â€Å"like the bright hair uplifted from the head/ Of some fierce  Maenad,† while Keats views autumn as â€Å"sitting careless on a granary  floor,/ Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind. † Hair, often used in poetry metaphorically, tends to symbolize feminine beauty and strength; in this case, both poets make use of thesubject  of hair when describing certain aspects of nature. The speakers in these two poems also express their thoughts on theportent  of the coming spring. In the final couplet of Shelley's poem, the speaker asks, â€Å"Oh wind,/ if Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? † The speaker in Keats' poem inquires, â€Å"Where are the songs of spring? Ay, where are they? † Both poets look upon autumn as an  indication  of the coming season which is opposite of autumn. The subjects of seeds and budding plants are also touched upon within the two pieces. Autumn is when, as Shelley writes, â€Å"the winged seeds† are placed in their â€Å"dark wintry bed† and â€Å"lie cold and low. And Keats writes that autumn is the time when the hazel shells are â€Å"plump  with a sweet  kernel; to set budding more. † These similarities between the two pieces are interesting; however there are many differences in the poems as well. Keats and Shelley express different emotions about the fallseason. Shelley looks at autumn as being wild and fierce while Keats has a more gentle view of the season. Shelley perceives a utumn as an annual death, calling it â€Å"Thou  dirge/Of the dying year,† and he uses words such as â€Å"corpse† and  sepulchre† in the poem. He also employs words such as â€Å"hectic† and â€Å"tameless†, and looks upon the autumn horizon as being â€Å"the locks of the approaching  storm. † Also, he claims the autumn winds are where â€Å"black rain and fire and hail will  burst. † Lines such as this reveal the speaker's attitude that autumn is a ferocious and reckless season bearing  morbid  portence of the coming winter. On the other hand, Keats fills his poem with lighter words such as â€Å"mellow,† â€Å"sweet,† â€Å"patient,† and â€Å"soft. The speaker of this poem looks out upon the landscape and hears the â€Å"full-grown lambs loudbleat  from hilly bourn,† and listens as the â€Å"gathering swallows twitter in the skies. † These lines indicate a much softer and moreamiable  emotion felt by the speaker; sentiments quite opposite to those felt in â€Å"Ode to the West Wind. † Another great difference in these poems is the intenti ons of the poets themselves. Shelley, in his thirst for being known, wants to attain power like the wind has. He asks of the wind, â€Å"Be thou, Spirit  fierce,/ My spirit! Be thou me,  impetuous  one! He pleads for it to move his thoughts â€Å"over the universe/ Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth,† and to â€Å"scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth/ Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind. † Shelley's more  ambitiousapproach to the weather differs from Keats, who merely enjoys the season for what it holds and asks nothing from it. Keats thoroughly enjoys the â€Å"stubble-plains with rosy hue,† and listening as â€Å"the red-breast whistles from a garden-croft. † Although both writers examine the autumn season, each express different intentions in the poems they have written. Shelley's â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† and Keats' â€Å"To Autumn† have striking similarities when it comes to their rich metaphors; however, the poems differ in almost every other sense. Shelley holds a much more  savagenotion about the season, while Keats looks upon autumn as being soft and  gentle. Shelley's ambitions are expressed in his piece, while Keats only reflects the beauty of what he sees. Both writers display their own unique talent as poets,  deserving  their titles as being two of the greatest Romantic writers of the period. 02)  Imagination Imagination is one of the striking characteristics of Romantic Poets. P. B. Shelley's poem â€Å"To a Skylark† and John Keats's poem â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† are both centered on nature in the form of birds. Both poems are classified as Romantic and have certain poetic elements in common, but in addition both poems have differences in style and in theme that differentiate them clearly. Both poets are spurred to react and to write because of their encounter with a bird. Shelley is addressing the bird that excites his interest more directly, while Keats turns to reverie because of the song of the nightingale more than the nightingale itself. In the latter case, the song of the poet has a different tone from the song of the bird–the joy of the bird becomes a contemplative song for the poet. Each poet begins with the reality of the bird or its song and then uses that as a beginning point for aesthetic and philosophic speculation. P. B. Shelley: If the West Wind was Shelley's first convincing attempt to articulate an aesthetic philosophy through metaphors of nature, the skylark is his greatest natural metaphor for pure poetic expression, the â€Å"harmonious madness† of pure inspiration. The skylark's song issues from a state of purified existence, a Wordsworthian notion of complete unity with Heaven through nature; its song is motivated by the joy of that uncomplicated purity of being, and is unmixed with any hint of melancholy or of the bittersweet, as human joy so often is. The skylark's unimpeded song rains down upon the world, surpassing every other beauty, inspiring metaphor and making the speaker believe that the bird is not a mortal bird at all, but a â€Å"Spirit,† a â€Å"sprite,† a â€Å"poet hidden / In the light of thought. â€Å" In that sense, the skylark is almost an exact twin of the bird in Keats's â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†; both represent pure expression through their songs, and like the skylark, the nightingale â€Å"wast not born for death. † But while the nightingale is a bird of darkness, invisible in the shadowy forest glades, the skylark is a bird of daylight, invisible in the deep bright blue of the sky. The nightingale inspires Keats to feel â€Å"a drowsy numbness† of happiness that is also like pain, and that makes him think of death; the skylark inspires Shelley to feel a frantic, rapturous joy that has no part of pain. To Keats, human joy and sadness are inextricably linked, as he explains at length in the final stanza of the â€Å"Ode on Melancholy. † But the skylark sings free of all human error and complexity, and while listening to his song, the poet feels free of those things, too. Structurally and linguistically, this poem is almost unique among Shelley's works; its strange form of stanza, with four compact lines and one very long line, and its lilting, songlike diction (â€Å"profuse strains of unpremeditated art†) work to create the effect of spontaneous poetic expression flowing musically and naturally from the poet's mind. Structurally, each stanza tends to make a single, quick point about the skylark, or to look at it in a sudden, brief new light; still, the poem does flow, and gradually advances the mini-narrative of the speaker watching the skylark flying higher and higher into the sky, and envying its untrammeled inspiration–which, if he were to capture it in words, would cause the world to listen. John Keats: With â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale,† Keats's speaker begins his fullest and deepest exploration of the themes of creative expression and the mortality of human life. In this ode, the transience of life and the tragedy of old age (â€Å"where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs, / Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies†) is set against the eternal renewal of the nightingale's fluid music (â€Å"Thou wast not born for death, immortal bird! â€Å"). The speaker reprises the â€Å"drowsy numbness† he experienced in â€Å"Ode on Indolence,† but where in â€Å"Indolence† that numbness was a sign of disconnection from experience, in â€Å"Nightingale† it is a sign of too full a connection: â€Å"being too happy in thine happiness,† as the speaker tells the nightingale. Hearing the song of the nightingale, the speaker longs to flee the human world and join the bird. His first thought is to reach the bird's state through alcohol–in the second stanza, he longs for a â€Å"draught of vintage† to transport him out of himself. But after his meditation in the third stanza on the transience of life, he rejects the idea of being â€Å"charioted by Bacchus and his pards† (Bacchus was the Roman god of wine and was supposed to have been carried by a chariot pulled by leopards) and chooses instead to embrace, for the first time since he refused to follow the figures in â€Å"Indolence,† â€Å"the viewless wings of Poesy. The rapture of poetic inspiration matches the endless creative rapture of the nightingale's music and lets the speaker, in stanzas five through seven, imagine himself with the bird in the darkened forest. The ecstatic music even encourages the speaker to embrace the idea of dying, of painlessly succumbing to death w hile enraptured by the nightingale's music and never experiencing any further pain or disappointment. But when his meditation causes him to utter the word â€Å"forlorn,† he comes back to himself, recognizing his fancy for what it is–an imagined escape from the inescapable (â€Å"Adieu! he fancy cannot cheat so well / As she is fam'd to do, deceiving elf†). As the nightingale flies away, the intensity of the speaker's experience has left him shaken, unable to remember whether he is awake or asleep. In â€Å"Indolence,† the speaker rejected all artistic effort. In â€Å"Psyche,† he was willing to embrace the creative imagination, but only for its own internal pleasures. But in the nightingale's song, he finds a form of outward expression that translates the work of the imagination into the outside world, and this is the discovery that compels him to embrace Poesy's â€Å"viewless wings† at last. The â€Å"art† of the nightingale is endlessly changeable and renewable; it is music without record, existing only in a perpetual present. As befits his celebration of music, the speaker's language, sensually rich though it is, serves to suppress the sense of sight in favor of the other senses. He can imagine the light of the moon, â€Å"But here there is no light†; he knows he is surrounded by flowers, but he â€Å"cannot see what flowers† are at his feet. This suppression will find its match in â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn,† which is in many ways a companion poem to â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale. In the later poem, the speaker will finally confront a created art-object not subject to any of the limitations of time; in â€Å"Nightingale,† he has achieved creative expression and has placed his faith in it, but that expression–the nightingale's song–is spontaneous and without physical manifestation. 03)  Idealism Idealism is the very much common characteristics especially in second generation Romantic Poets. Romantic idealism favored this hermeneutic and phenomenological outlook on life. At this juncture, we want here to address and emphasize the question of the poem’s inspiration by the natural phenomenon, the luminous star. P. B. Shelley: Among the great Romantics whose poetry, in the early nineteenth century, forms one of the most glorious chapters in the whole of English Literature, no one perhaps was inspired by a purer and loftier idealism than P. B. Shelley. Shelley’s is divided by three sub categories:  · Revolutionary Idealism  · Religious Idealism  · Erotic Idealism â€Å"Penetrates and clasps and fills the world† —Epipsychidion â€Å"That Beauty in which all things work and move† —Adonais John Keats: â€Å"The hush of natural objects opens quite To the core: and every secret essence there Reveals the elements of good and fair Making him see, where Learning hath no light. † With regard to Romantic idealism, there are undoubtedly elements here that show Keats’s enthusiasm for nature. Even if Keats’s conception of nature has affinities with spirituality as discerned in the works of Romantics like William Wordsworth (1770–1850), Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) and Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822), the intention of this write-up is not primarily the fullness of spiritual experience in nature. Nature plays a vital role in the understanding of his aesthetic ambitions and achievements. Though there are a number of characteristic features in Keats’s poetry which affiliate with Coleridge and Wordsworth, his nature-consciousness will be seen to take a slightly different turn. Keats’s poetry and prose show proof of certain monistic traits common in the two elder poets, justifying the assertion that he can be discussed within the mainstream of Romantic idealism with regard to nature, even if he does not handle the matter in a like manner. It can be argued equally that his poetry lends credence to apprehend nature from an organics viewpoint. Yet, his eco-poetics, as we intend to analyze, does not place priority on the visionary and transcendental and, therefore, the dominant spiritual dimension of nature is not like that of his elder colleagues, for it tends to reduce nature primarily within the confines of his aesthetic quest rather than brood over it fundamentally as a universal force or the basis of his spiritual longings. 04)  Revolution M. H. Abrams wrote, â€Å"The Romantic period was eminently an age obsessed with fact of violent change†. Especially the second generations Romantic Poets are the pioneer to revolt against society, religion and state. P. B. Shelley: Shelley resembles Byron in his thorough-going revolt against society, but he is totally unlike Byron in several important respects. His first impulse was an unselfish love for his fellow-men, with an aggressive eagerness for martyrdom in their behalf; his nature was unusually, even abnormally, fine and sensitive; and his poetic quality was a delicate and ethereal lyricism unsurpassed in the literature of the world. In both his life and his poetry his visionary reforming zeal and his superb lyric instinct are inextricably intertwined. Shelley was the most politically active of the Romantic poets. While attempting to instigate reform in Ireland in 1812-13, he wrote to William Godwin, author of Political Justice. (Note also Godwin's connections with Wordsworth and Coleridge. ) Shelley's pure idealism led him to take extreme positions, which hurt the feasibility of his attempts at reform. By 1816 he had mostly given up these politics in favor of the study and writing of poetry; his Queen Mab later became popular among the Chartists. The longest-lasting effects of his extreme views were the fact that he met and eloped with William Godwin's brilliant daughter Mary, abandoned his wife, and was eventually forced to leave England. Even far away in Italy, however, he was incensed by the Peterloo massacre and wrote The Mask of Anarchy in response to it. He also turned into an attack on George IV his translation of Sophocles, Oedipus Tyrannus; or Swellfoot the Tyrant. John Keats: Keats was neither rebel nor Utopian dreamer. As the modern seemed to him to be hard, cold, and prosaic, he habitually sought an imaginative escape from it. Not like Shelley into the future land of promise, but into the past of Greek mythology, as in Endymion, Lamia, and the fragmentary Hyperion. 5)  Symbolism P. B. Shelley: Shelley uses symbolism successfully in his famous sonnet Ozymandias. Nothing, in this world is immortal. Even things that are cast in stone, can be one day undone; that things may fall and crumble there; forgotten one by one. It has been said time after time for as long as most anyone can recall, a small saying that says nothing is cast in stone. This poem is just another example that unlike something cast in stone, nature will always conquer over all despite the way that mankind may think. The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley tells us the same thing in the poem ‘Ozymandias' through both exquisite wording and beautiful imagery. The poem is a genius work about strength and the fall of false greatness, told from the eyes of a traveler who encounters an elderly stranger. In the poem the stranger tells him about the fall of a great kingdom that had thought itself unbeatable by even time. The author uses the image of a statue as a symbol for this kingdom. The image of a broken stone man, which has been beaten down by nature and time plays as an example for many things. The reader learned throughout the poem that not only did time and nature beat this great kingdom, but also they themselves did it during their struggle to be great. The image of two trunkless legs still planted and slowly being covered by the sand is, in a way, exposing how mankind thinks. Men often believe they are unstoppable even by nature and time, often comparing the elements to other men, believing that the best surpasses even their power. In another line the writer refers to the face of the statue, left fallen in the sand, its lips curled in a look of cold and cruel command. This is a play on the way that mankind is by nature. Mankind is a race that spends all it's time rushing about, using commands and war to strive for survival. It is a common belief that he who is strongest will outlive them all. In this poem the writer shows that this is almost always outlived. Weather they are beaten by time, the elements, or themselves, the strongest kingdom will always crumble. The words written on the statues base are said in a beautiful passionate queue, â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair! In this passage the writer says that the sculptor of this piece knew all to well, that even the strongest army will fall with time, look and despair that man is not eternal. The sculptor leaves a morbid example to all who would wander upon his works to look around and see what has become of greatness. It is, in a way, telling the reader that greatness is short lived, and that nothing is forever. The last lines are a beautiful expression of the fallen city, which lie in the sand about the pieces of the broken statue. Crumbled and dead, the sands stretch on still, holding the vast proof that forever is not so long a time in the eyes of the world and that life will continue on even after the walls have crumbled. It is this poem that sets a perfect example that mankind does not give credit to the strength that comes with time and the forces of nature, and will often put so much time into becoming the best and most powerful that they lose sight on life, becoming nothing more than a fallen king. Perhaps the writer hoped to express a greater understanding of the tragedy of greatness, or even express the value of life over the conquest of power. John Keats: In ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ one can discern the consciousness of the use of nature, symbolized in the bird and its melodious song, not only for poetic composition, but also for advancing the poet’s philosophical speculations. Both bird and song represent natural beauty, the poetic expression of the non-verbal song signaling the harmony of nature. Apart from the ecstasy that the bird’s song generates, the unseen but vivid pictorial description of the surrounding landscape adds to the bliss and serenity of the atmosphere: I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, Nor what soft incense hangs upon the bough, But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet Wherewith the seasonable month endows The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild; White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine; Fast fading violets cover’d up in leaves; And mid-May’s eldest child, The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine, The murmurous haunt of lies on summer eves. (Stanza V, L. 41 – 50) These lines express the splendor of spring while foreshadowing the approach of summer, which will have its own store of nature beauty and luxury. As earlier said, nature here seems to be a springboard for intense speculations in the face of the impermanence and mutability of life which strongly preoccupies the poet. To put it in other words, the song seems to engender a phenomenological process of self-transformation or a psychological metamorphosis that enhances a deep desire for the eternal and unalterable through death. Yet the poet submits to a stoical fortitude, apparently emphasizing the material and sensuous realm of existence rather than the struggle to maintain a permanent and idealistic state. This has often been problematical as imaginative failure, or as a characteristic Keatsian trademark of ambivalence between reality and imaginative illusion. 06)  Melancholy Second generations Romantic Poets were Melancholic according to the bad effect of French Revolution. Their desires did not come true and their endeavor to the Ideal world remained in their dream. So they were very much frustrated and possessed agony to the real world order. P. B. Shelley: He is one of the greatest, successful Melancholic in his age. It is this unsatisfied desire, this almost painful yearning with its recurring disappointment and disillusionment, which is at the root of Shelley’s melancholy. His most famous and powerful lines, reveals the melancholy, are in Ode to the West Wind: Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud. His melancholy is thus vital to his poetry. It may be said that his music is the product of his genius and his melancholy. His melancholy is what the world seems to like best as: â€Å"Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thoughts. † John Keats: In the poem â€Å"Ode on Melancholy,† Keats takes a sinister look at the human condition. The idea that all human pleasures are susceptible to pain, or do inevitably lead to pain, is a disturbing thought. Keats comments on the miserable power of melancholy, especially how it thrives on what is beatiful and desirable and turns it into its opposite. She dwells with Beauty — Beauty that must die; And joy, whose hand is ever at his lips Bidding adeiu; and aching Pleasure nigh, Turning to poison while the bee-mouth sips: Ay, in the very temple of Delight Veil'd Melancholy has her sovran shrine, Though seen of none save him whose strenuous tongue Can burst Joy's grape against his palate fine; His soul shall taste the sadness of her might, And be among her cloudy trophies hung. (ll. 21-30) In this passage, there seems to be an emphasis on lost hope. There seems to be this idea that true happiness is either ephemeral or unreachable. For example, Keats writes above about â€Å"Joy†¦ Bidding adeui† and Pleasure Turning to poison. Keats seems to be saying that happiness is a temptation which people are tragically prone to dream about, an illusion upon which is unrealistic. 07)  Hellenism & Platonism From the Renaissance to the nineteenth century Greece was a primary object of myth-makers' attentions, its history as well as its mythology fodder for the imagination. These two poets were deeply influenced by the Greek literature. Shelley wrote ‘Hellas’, which is the ancient name of Greece. Keats was also influenced by Hellenism, while P. B. Shelley was influenced by Platonism. John Keats: Shelley expressed the opinion that â€Å"Keats was a Greek†. Indeed, Keats was unmistakably a representative of Greek thought, in a sense in which Wordsworth and Coleridge and even Shelley were not. The Greek spirit came to Keats through literature, through sculpture, and through an innate tendency, and it is under Hellenic influence as a rule that he gives of his best. Keats has â€Å"contrived to talk about the gods much as they might have been supposed to speak†. The world of Greek paganism lives again in his verse, with all its frank sensuousness and joy of life, and with all its mysticism. Keats looks back and lives again in the time: When holy were the haunted forest boughs, Holy the air, the water, and the fire. —Ode to Psyche P. B. Shelley: Shelley's Platonic leanings are well known. Plato thought that the supreme power in the universe was the Spirit of beauty. Shelley borrowed this conception from Plato and developed it in his metaphysical poem: Hymn to Intellectual Beauty. Intellectual Beauty is omni potent and man must worship it. The favorite Greek conceit of pre-existence in many earlier lives may frequently be found in other poems besides the â€Å"Prometheus Unbound† quoted in part II of our series. The last stanza of â€Å"†The Cloud,† is Shelly's Platonic symbol of human life: I am the daughter of earth and water And the nursling of the sky I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores I change, but I cannot die. For after the rain when with never a stain The pavilion of heaven is bare And the winds and sunbeams with their convex gleams Build up the blue dome of air I silently laugh at my own cenotaph And out of the caverns of rain Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb, I arise and unbuild it again. 08)  Love & Beauty John Keats: Keats is called the poet of beauty or some critics address him as ‘the worshiper of beauty’. Keats’s notion of beauty and truth is highly inclusive. That is, it blends all life’s experiences or apprehensions, negative or positive, into a holistic vision. Art and nature, therefore, are seen as therapeutic in function. Keats was considerably influenced by Spenser and was, like the latter, a passionate lover of beauty in all its forms and manifestation. This passion for beauty constitutes his aestheticism. Beauty, indeed, was his pole-star, beauty in Nature, in woman, and in art. He writes and defines beauty: â€Å"A think of beauty is joy for ever† In John Keats, we have a remarkable contrast both with Byron and Shelley. He knows nothing of Byron’s stormy spirit of antagonism to the existing order of things and he had no sympathy with Shelley’s humanitarian real and passion for reforming the world. But Keats likes and worships beauty. In his Ode on a Grecian Urn, he expresses some powerful lines about his thoughts of beauty. This ode contains the most discussed two lines in all of Keats's poetry: â€Å"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,† – that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. † The exact meaning of those lines is disputed by everyone; no less a critic than TS Eliot considered them a blight upon an otherwise beautiful poem. Scholars have been unable to agree to whom the last thirteen lines of the poem are addressed. Arguments can be made for any of the four most obvious possibilities, -poet to reader, urn to reader, poet to urn, poet to figures on the urn. The issue is further confused by the change in quotation marks between the original manuscript copy of the ode and the 1820 published edition. P. B. Shelley: Shelley expresses love as one of the God-like phenomena in human life and beauty is the intellectual beauty to him. We find the clear idea of Shelley’s love and beauty through Hymn to the Intellectual Beauty. The poem's process is doubly figurative or associative, in that, once the poet abstracts the metaphor of the Spirit from the particulars of natural beauty, he then explains the workings of this Spirit by comparing it back to the very particulars of natural beauty from which it was abstracted in the first place: â€Å"Thy light alone, like mist o'er mountains driven†; â€Å"Love, Hope, and Self-esteem, like clouds depart†¦ This is an inspired technique, for it enables Shelley to illustrate the stunning experience of natural beauty time and again as the poem progresses, but to push the particulars into the background, so that the focus of the poem is always on the Spirit, the abstract intellectual ideal that the speaker claims to serve. Of course Shelley's athe ism is a famous part of his philosophical stance, so it may seem strange that he has written a hymn of any kind. He addresses that strangeness in the third stanza, when he declares that names such as â€Å"Demon, Ghost, and Heaven† are merely the record of attempts by sages to explain the effect of the Spirit of Beauty–but that the effect has never been explained by any â€Å"voice from some sublimer world. † The Spirit of Beauty that the poet worships is not supernatural; it is a part of the world. It is not an independent entity; it is a responsive capability within the poet's own mind. If the â€Å"Hymn to Intellectual Beauty† is not among Shelley's very greatest poems, it is only because its project falls short of the poet's extraordinary powers; simply drawing the abstract ideal of his own experience of beauty and declaring his fidelity to that ideal seems too simple a task for Shelley. His most important statements on natural beauty and on aesthetics will take into account a more complicated idea of his own connection to nature as an expressive artist and a poet, as we shall see in â€Å"To a Skylark† and â€Å"Ode to the West Wind. Nevertheless, the â€Å"Hymn† remains an important poem from the early period of Shelley's maturity. It shows him working to incorporate Wordsworthian ideas of nature, in some ways the most important theme of early Romanticism, into his own poetic project, and, by connecting his idea of beauty to his idea of human religion, making that theme explicitly his own. 09) Diction One of the most distinct attributes of the  Romantic  writers  Percy Bysshe Shelley  and  John Keats  is their gift of using both  lush  and tactile words within their poetry. P. B. Shelley: Shelley uses terza rima in his Ode to the West Wind. Terza rima utilizes three-line stanzas, which combine iambic meter with a propulsive rhyme scheme. Within each stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, the middle line having a different end sound; the end sound of this middle line then rhymes with the first and third lines of the next stanza. The rhyme scheme thus runs aba bcb cdc ded efe, and so forth. Shelley's â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† (1820) instances one of the finest uses of terza rima in an English-language poem: O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed Each of the seven long stanzas of the â€Å"Hymn to Intellectual Beauty† follows the same, highly regular scheme. Each line has an iambic rhythm; the first four lines of each stanza are written in pentameter, the fifth line in hexameter, the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh lines in tetrameter, and the twelfth line in pentameter. (The syllable pattern for each stanza, then, is 555564444445. Each stanza is rhymed ABBAACCBDDEE. John Keats: Influenced by Greek literature, he applied those Classical characteristics of his poetry; Keats is one of the great word painters in English Literature. â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn† follows the same ode-stanza structure as the â€Å"Ode on Melancholy,† though it varies more the rhyme scheme of the last three lines of each stanza. Each of th e five stanzas in â€Å"Grecian Urn† is ten lines long, metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter, and divided into a two part rhyme scheme, the last three lines of which are variable. The first seven lines of each stanza follow an ABABCDE rhyme scheme, but the second occurrences of the CDE sounds do not follow the same order. In stanza one, lines seven through ten are rhymed DCE; in stanza two, CED; in stanzas three and four, CDE; and in stanza five, DCE, just as in stanza one. As in other odes (especially â€Å"Autumn† and â€Å"Melancholy†), the two-part rhyme scheme (the first part made of AB rhymes, the second of CDE rhymes) creates the sense of a two-part thematic structure as well. The first four lines of each stanza roughly define the subject of the stanza, and the last six roughly explicate or develop it. (As in other odes, this is only a general rule, true of some stanzas more than others; stanzas such as the fifth do not connect rhyme scheme and thematic structure closely at all. ). 10) Their Odes John Keats: The odes explore and develop the same themes, partake of many of the same approaches and images, and, ordered in a certain way, exhibit an unmistakable psychological development. This is not to say that the poems do not stand on their own–they do, magnificently; one of the greatest felicities of the sequence is that it can be entered at any point, viewed wholly or partially from any perspective, and still proves moving and rewarding to read. There has been a great deal of critical debate over how to treat the voices that speak the poems–are they meant to be read as though a single person speaks them all, or did Keats invent a different persona for each ode? There is no right answer to the question, but it is possible that the question itself is wrong: The consciousness at work in each of the odes is unmistakably Keats's own. Of course, the poems are not explicitly autobiographical (it is unlikely that all the events really happened to Keats), but given their sincerity and their shared frame of thematic reference, there is no reason to think that they do not come from the same part of Keats's mind–that is to say, that they are not all told by the same part of Keats's reflected self. In that sense, there is no harm in treating the odes a sequence of utterances told in the same voice. The psychological progress from â€Å"Ode on Indolence† to â€Å"To Autumn† is intimately personal, and a great deal of that intimacy is lost if one begins to imagine that the odes are spoken by a sequence of fictional characters. When you think of â€Å"the speaker† of these poems, think of Keats as he would have imagined himself while writing them. As you trace the speaker's trajectory from the numb drowsiness of â€Å"Indolence† to the quiet wisdom of â€Å"Autumn,† try to hear the voice develop and change under the guidance of Keats's extraordinary language. P. B. Shelley: The wispy, fluid terza rima of â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† finds Shelley taking a long thematic leap beyond the scope of â€Å"Hymn to Intellectual Beauty,† and incorporating his own art into his meditation on beauty and the natural world. Shelley invokes the wind magically, describing its power and its role as both â€Å"destroyer and preserver,† and asks the wind to sweep him out of his torpor â€Å"as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! † In the fifth section, the poet then takes a remarkable turn, transforming the wind into a metaphor for his own art, the expressive capacity that drives â€Å"dead thoughts† like â€Å"withered leaves† over the universe, to â€Å"quicken a new birth†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat is, to quicken the coming of the spring. Here the spring season is a metaphor for a â€Å"spring† of human consciousness, imagination, liberty, or morality–all the things Shelley hoped his art could help to bring about in the human mind. Shelley asks the wind to be his spirit, and in the same movement he makes it his metaphorical spirit, his poetic faculty, which will play him like a musical instrument, the way the wind strums the leaves of the trees. The thematic implication is significant: whereas the older generation of Romantic poets viewed nature as a source of truth and authentic experience, the younger generation largely viewed nature as a source of beauty and aesthetic experience. In this poem, Shelley explicitly links nature with art by finding powerful natural metaphors with which to express his ideas about the power, import, quality, and ultimate effect of aesthetic expression. Conclusion To an extent, the intensity of feeling emphasized by Romanticism meant that the movement was always associated with youth, and because Byron, Keats, and Shelley died young (and never had the opportunity to sink into conservatism and complacency as Wordsworth did), they have attained iconic status as the representative tragic Romantic artists. Shelley's life and his poetry certainly support such an understanding, but it is important not to indulge in stereotypes to the extent that they obscure a poet's individual character. Shelley's joy, his magnanimity, his faith in humanity, and his optimism are unique among the Romantics; his expression of those feelings makes him one of the early nineteenth century's most significant writers in English. Shelley is regarded as a major English Romantic poet. His foremost works, including Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, The Revolt of Islam, and The Triumph of Life, are recognized as leading expressions of radical thought written during the Romantic age, while his odes and shorter lyrics are often considered among the greatest in the English language. In addition, his essay A Defence of Poetry is highly valued as a statement on the moral importance of poetry and of poets, whom he calls â€Å"the unacknowledged legislators of the world. † While Shelley's significance to English literature is today widely acknowledged, he was one of the most controversial literary figures of the early nineteenth century. Keats was one of the most important figures of early nineteenth-century Romanticism, a movement that espoused the sanctity of emotion and imagination, and privileged the beauty of the natural world. Many of the ideas and themes evident in Keats's great odes are quintessentially Romantic concerns: the beauty of nature, the relation between imagination and creativity, the response of the passions to beauty and suffering, and the transience of human life in time. The sumptuous sensory language in which the odes are written, their idealistic concern for beauty and truth, and their expressive agony in the face of death are all Romantic preoccupations–though at the same time, they are all uniquely Keats's.